What Are Celiac Disease Subtypes And Why Should I Learn About Them?
The identification of celiac disease subtypes is crucial for both healthcare practitioners and patients to facilitate precise diagnosis, customize treatment plans, and execute effective management protocols. These subtypes represent the varied manifestations of celiac disease in individuals, encompassing traditional gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as silent and atypical cases.


Celiac Disease Subtypes
Celiac disease subtypes are defined using the ”four out of five rule” which indicates that four out of five of the following criteria are enough to establish a celiac disease diagnosis.
Reference: Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease diagnosis: simple rules are better than complicated algorithms. Am J Med 2010;123:691-3.
- Typical and/or atypical signs and symptoms (diarrhea and malabsorption)
- Antibody positivity
- Positive biopsy showing intestinal damage
- HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 genetics positivity
- Positive response to gluten-free diet (GFD)
CD Subtype | Symptoms | Antibodies | Biopsy | Genetics | GFD Response |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Classic | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
Seronegative | POSITIVE | NEGATIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
Potential | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | NEGATIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
Silent | NEG/POS | NEG/POS | NEG/POS | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
Negative | NEG/POS | NEG/POS | NEG/POS | NEGATIVE | NEG/POS |
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